What has lengthy, brilliant white eyes, swims alongside the deep waters off Australia and attaches its eggs to coral?
A brand new species of shark, referred to as Apristurus ovicorrugatus.
The discovery course of started a number of years in the past, when researchers had been going by way of uncatalogued supplies within the Australian National Fish Collection, housed in Hobart, the place they discovered a mysterious egg that they had been unable to assign.
That led to a fact-finding mission that ultimately revealed a brand new species of demon catshark.
The researchers introduced their discovery in a paper printed within the Journal of Fish Biology and titled “What got here first, the shark or the egg?”
The Apristurus genus, the second-most various group of sharks that counts about 40 species, is usually often called the ghost or demon catshark. The identify is predicated “on the truth that they’re deep dwelling and form of a bit spooky,” stated Helen O’Neill, a analysis technician and one of many paper’s authors. The sharks are backside feeders and have elongated cat-like eyes.
But one thing makes the newly found species even spookier. These catsharks have brilliant white irises, an uncommon function for deepwater creatures. Ms. O’Neill stated she might solely theorize as to why a shark would have such white eyes. They may assist them see higher in the dead of night, she stated.
Only one different Apristurus catshark has white eyes, however researchers had been in a position to decide a distinction between the 2 comparable species due to their egg casings.
The Apristurus ovicorrugatus’ Egg instances have sturdy T-shaped ridges, the authors stated; the identify ovicorrugatus refers to those corrugated egg instances. The distinctive markings had been first described by scientists in a 2011 paper, which can be the primary recording of the egg instances, however they lacked sufficient proof to find out it a brand new species.
The egg instances helped researchers be taught that the brand new species lays its eggs by attaching them to coral, which stops them from being dragged away by currents.
Using egg case morphology and different strategies, like learning tooth, scales, genetics and livers, the scientists had been in a position to write and submit a primary draft of the examine — nevertheless it wasn’t accepted as a result of it lacked genetic materials, Ms. O’Neill stated.
She feared that course of might take 20 years. “I might be lifeless earlier than that occurs,” she stated.
The researchers wanted extra proof, however had not been in a position to get genetic materials from the unique egg case specimen as a result of it had already been preserved and the egg instances themselves even have an excessive amount of collagen to be correctly examined.
Then late final yr, a analysis voyage off Western Australia was profitable to find Apristurus ovicorrugatus egg instances. “That was so fortunate,” stated Ms. O’Neill.
Reproduction in sharks differs vastly: some lay eggs whereas others hatch them internally, and but others give delivery to reside younger. But the Apristurus genus show a mode of egg-laying in pairs, one for every ovary, of which, these sharks have two. That results in two egg instances.
And a type of egg instances researchers discovered had an embryo, which was in a position to present the required genetic materials.
“This is the ultimate piece of the puzzle,” Ms. O’Neill thought, “in proving this can be a new species.”