There is lots to take pleasure in for a brand new fan launched to thoroughbred racing. There is the great thing about the animals, the joys of watching them transfer and the joyful feeling of outsmarting the opposite horseplayers and cashing a wager.
But there’s a chilly truth concerning the sport that may be onerous for followers — and unattainable for critics — to just accept: Sometimes a horse will get damage, and generally it’s euthanized, typically proper on the observe.
Earlier this month, seven horses died at Churchill Downs within the lead-up to the Kentucky Derby, together with 4 that broke down whereas racing or coaching. And the victory of National Treasure, skilled by Bob Baffert, within the Preakness was clouded by the collapse and euthanasia of one other Baffert racehorse earlier within the day at Pimlico Race Course.
People who oppose horse racing on precept typically level to such occurrences whereas making their case. Even for racing followers, the disquieting actuality of breakdowns can increase the query: Does one thing as apparently easy as a damaged leg must result in a horse dying? The unlucky reply, veterinarians say, is commonly sure.
Horses are simply totally different from many animals, even different equines. “They can run actually quick,” mentioned Dr. Scott E. Palmer, the equine medical director of the New York State Gaming Commission. “And as a result of they weigh about 1,100 kilos, the forces which might be appearing on their legs are actually profound.”
Palmer continued: “All their muscle mass are up excessive. When you get down into the decrease a part of the leg, there’s actually pores and skin and bones and tendons and blood vessels and nerves. If one thing breaks, the circulation of the world may be simply compromised by the damage.”
As a outcome, horses are weak to breaking their legs; it occurs working on the racetrack, or working in a pasture, or kicking a stall door. The drawback is that it is extremely troublesome to heal a damaged leg on a horse.
Breaks in horses can be way more extreme than in a human or different mammals, due to their weight and the fragility of their legs. “Because of the excessive vitality influence, the horse can shatter that bone, greater than only a easy crack, making restore a lot much less possible,” Palmer mentioned.
To repair a damaged bone on any animal, the break should be immobilized. But immobilizing a horse brings a number of challenges. Horses are stressed and skittish. Thoroughbreds are bred to run. Keeping them in a single place for an prolonged interval is troublesome.
Horses additionally spend nearly all of their time on 4 ft, even when sleeping. So all 4 of their legs bear their weight. If out of the blue three legs must help that weight, the unhurt legs can rapidly develop issues.
Most generally and dangerously, horses can get laminitis, a painful situation that develops within the tissue between the hoof and the bone. “The hoof is hooked up to the bone by natural fasteners like a Velcro system,” Palmer mentioned. “If these little hooks grow to be swollen, they grow to be unhooked. That is unattainable to care for.”
The total remedy expertise can convey extreme ache for a horse who, after all, can not perceive what’s going on the best way a human present process painful remedy would.
The ache for the horse is taken into account “No. 1, no. 2 and No. 3,” Palmer mentioned.
Laminitis brings “unbelievable ache,” he mentioned. “They can not stand on that leg. Now you’ve gotten a horse with a break in a single leg and may’t stand on a second.”
Horses can not merely lie down for prolonged intervals to keep away from placing weight on their legs. Lying down for quite a lot of hours will trigger muscle injury, restricted blood move and blood pooling within the lungs.
Any elaborate or uncommon course of to attempt to restore a badly damaged bone can price hundreds of {dollars}. Few horse homeowners are prepared to spend that form of cash on a painful remedy course of that may not work and doubtless will not get the horse again to the racetrack. Euthanasia is the unlucky alternative more often than not.
When the 2006 Kentucky Derby winner, Barbaro, broke his leg within the Preakness two weeks later, his homeowners Roy and Gretchen Jackson determined to attempt to save him.
His damage was critical: The leg bone was damaged into 20 items. He had 5 hours of surgical procedure to insert 27 pins and a stainless-steel plate.
Palmer was on the scene the day of the damage. “I mentioned: ‘The fracture is horrible, however not one of the wounds got here by way of the pores and skin. Because of that, I imagine that surgical procedure is feasible.’ I truthfully thought that was the perfect probability he had for survival.”
Two months after his surgical procedure, Barbaro developed laminitis, requiring most of a hoof to be eliminated. He then had some good months. But the hoof didn’t develop again correctly, main to a different process. He received a foot bruise, and extra surgical procedure adopted. Complications led to laminitis in two extra limbs, and Barbaro’s misery elevated considerably.
“We simply reached some extent the place it was going to be troublesome for him to go on with out ache,” Roy Jackson mentioned. In the top, the extraordinary efforts lengthened his life by solely eight months.
“From a purely surgical perspective, it was extraordinarily unsatisfying as a result of he did not make it,” Dr. Dean W. Richardson, the surgeon, mentioned on the time. “Professionally, I feel we did the very best we might.”
The dazzling filly Ruffian in 1975 had 12 hours of surgical procedure after a foul break. Upon waking, she started thrashing round in her stall, inflicting one other break and resulting in her euthanasia.
If euthanasia is the one possibility, the horse is sedated, then a barbiturate answer is run, usually behind a display screen to dam the view of spectators.
Strides have been made within the final many years in treating horses, together with growth of higher antibiotics and the aluminum splint and enhancements in understanding laminitis.
There have additionally been enhancements in prevention, which, given the horse’s uncommon anatomy, could be the most promising method to make progress.
After a string of horse deaths at Aqueduct in 2011 and 2012, Palmer and others made suggestions, together with bettering the racing floor, altering claiming and purse guidelines and strengthening drug regulation. Those have helped the variety of racing deaths come down and keep down.
Palmer hopes for Fitbit-type gadgets — biometric sensors that may spot horses with gaits that may result in damage earlier than these accidents occur. A trial at Saratoga Race Course final yr was promising, he mentioned.
But the problem of caring for horses is prone to all the time stay. Palmer mentioned of the difficulties of surgical procedure: “We must put a damaged leg again collectively once more with screws and plates, and so they have to have the ability to stand on it instantly after surgical procedure. That is a gigantic problem.”